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The birth of pipeline transportation
The world’s first crude oil pipeline was built in Pennsylvania in the United States in 1865, with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of about 10 kilometers.
Really modern long-distance oil pipelines began in World War II. At that time, German submarine attacks on oil tankers seriously threatened U.S. oil supplies. In early 1942, the United States began to urgently build a crude oil pipeline with a total length of 2011 kilometers and a diameter of 600 mm in just over a year.
In 1886, the United States built the world’s first industrial-scale long-distance natural gas pipeline, with a total length of 140 kilometers and a diameter of 200 millimeters.
In 1957, the world’s first coal slurry transportation pipeline was built in Ohio, USA, with a total length of 173 kilometers and a diameter of 254 mm.
Pipeline transportation refers to a transportation method that uses pressurized facilities to pressurize fluid (liquid or gas) or a mixture of fluid and solid and transport it to the destination through pipelines.
Pipeline transportation is the most efficient way to transport bulk fluid cargo. The principle of pipeline transportation is to make the fluid in the pipeline flow from high pressure to low pressure through pressure difference.
According to the transmission medium, it can be divided into
Crude oil pipelines, refined oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines, oil and gas mixed transportation pipelines, and solid material slurry pipelines.
According to the laying method, it can be divided into
Buried pipelines, overhead pipelines, underwater pipelines.
According to their role in production, oil and gas pipelines are divided into:
Mine gathering and transportation pipelines, long-distance transportation trunk pipelines, transmission and distribution pipelines.
The main advantage:
Large transportation volume and high labor productivity
Low transportation costs and low energy consumption
Save investment and occupy less space
Safer, more reliable, less environmental pollution
Easily realize comprehensive automated management
Shortcoming
Only certain materials can be conveyed
Only directional and fixed-point transportation can be carried out
The conveying capacity of the pipeline conveying system is not easy to change
Slurry transportation must be dehydrated
Pipeline transportation is an important way to transport crude oil and refined oil products. In 1998, the proportion of U.S. crude oil and refined oil transportation turnover was: pipeline transportation accounted for 66.7%. In 1999, my country’s crude oil pipeline transportation volume accounted for 73.8% of the total crude oil transportation volume.
At present, there are two main ways to transport natural gas over long distances: one is through pipeline transportation, and the other is through liquefied natural gas and then transported through tank trucks. Pipeline transportation has absolute advantages.
Pipeline transportation accounts for an increasing proportion of cargo turnover. The length of pipeline transportation lines in my country has grown rapidly, reaching 24,700 kilometers in 2000, 46,000 kilometers in 2005, and 58,300 kilometers in 2008.